Síndrome de intolerancia a múltiples medicamentos / Syndrome of intolerance to multiple medicines

El síndrome de intolerancia a múltiples medicamentos (MDIS, por sus siglas en inglés) se caracteriza por la intolerancia a dos o más medicamentos no relacionados. Tiene una prevalencia baja y es común en pacientes con polifarmacia. A pesar de que las reacciones adversas a los medicamentos son muy frecuentes, es raro que los pacientes debuten con este síndrome, el cual tiene implicaciones clínicas de leves a graves que afectan su vida; de acuerdo con esto varían el abordaje y su manejo. La sintomatología presentada varía desde síntomas gastrointestinales como reflujo gastroesofágico, dolores musculares y cefalea, hasta síntomas cutáneos; estos son los más frecuentes, tales como urticaria y erupciones maculopapulares o presentaciones menos comunes como el síndrome de Stevens-Johnson. El MDIS es causado por una amplia variedad de fármacos; por ello el conocimiento del síndrome, así como un adecuado interrogatorio de los antecedentes del paciente, es necesario para realizar un diagnóstico oportuno e instaurar un manejo adecuado y preventivo, evitando reacciones adversas que pongan en riesgo su vida. Con los hallazgos del cuadro clínico en la paciente, y basados en los antecedentes alérgicos presentados anteriormente a diferentes medicamentos no relacionados entre ellos, más la presentación de un rash maculopapular generalizado posterior a la administración de trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol se realiza el diagnóstico de MDIS. Se decide cambiar de medicamento por fosfomicina, con una consecuente evolución favorable. (AU)

Reacciones cutáneas adversas medicamentosas en el Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto", Guantánamo 2018-2019 / Adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs (CDRs) at the General Teaching Hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto", Guantánamo 2018-2019 / Reações cutâneas adversas a medicamentos no Hospital Geral de Ensino "Dr. Agostinho Neto", Guantánamo 2018-2019

RESUMEN Introducción: En Guantánamo no se encuentra ningún estudio que aborde las reacciones cutáneas adversas medicamentosas (RCAM), necesidad sentida por el claustro de dermatólogos del territorio. Objetivo: Caracterizar las reacciones cutáneas adversas medicamentosas en pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Dermatología del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" de Guantánamo en el período 2018-2019. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal con todos los pacientes (N=75) con el diagnóstico de reacciones cutáneas adversas medicamentosas remitidos a la consulta de Dermatología del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto", se precisó el medicamento que originó la reacción, diagnóstico clínico, tipo de reacción, tiempo de evolución desde la ingestión del fármaco hasta la aparición de los síntomas, número de reacciones y conducta médica. Resultados: Estas reacciones fueron más comunes en pacientes que utilizaron ibuprofeno( 18,7 %), la forma clínica más frecuente fue el eritema multiforme menor (82,7 %), sobre todo fueron reacciones leves (94,8 %), que se presentaron con más frecuencia a los 10 ± 2,1 días de utilizar el fármaco. El 97,4 % de los pacientes se trató de modo ambulatorio. Conclusiones: Las RCAM no constituyen en un problema de salud en el Servicio de Dermatología del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto", éstas presentan un espectro clínico coherente con lo que se refrenda en la literatura científica, pero se connota que el diagnóstico no suele ser con la precocidad que se demanda, pues los pacientes suelen solicitar evaluación médica luego de un periodo superior a siete días.

ABSTRACT Introduction: No studies in reference to adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs (CDRs) have been found at Guantanamo, need felt by the local dermatology faculty. Objective: Characterize the adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs in patients treated at the Dermatology Service of the General Teaching Hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto" in Guantanamo, period 2018-2019. Method: A descriptive and transversal study was carried out with all patients (N=75) with the diagnosis of adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs referred to the Dermatology Clinic of the General Teaching Hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto, the drug that caused the reaction, clinical diagnosis, type of reaction, time from ingestion of the drug until the symptoms appeared, number of reactions and medical behaviour were specified. Results: These reactions were more common in patients using ibuprofen (18.7%), the most frequent clinical form was erythema multiforme minor (82.7%), above all were mild reactions (94.8%), which occurred more often at 10 ± 2.1 days of using the drug. 97.4% of patients were treated on an outpatient basis. Conclusions: The (CDRs) does not constitute a health problem in the Dermatology Service of the General Teaching Hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto", they present a clinical spectrum consistent with what is endorsed in the scientific literature, but it is noted that the diagnosis is not usually as early as demand, because patients usually request medical evaluation after a period exceeding seven days.

RESUMO Introdução: Em Guantánamo, não há estudos que abordem as reações cutâneas adversas a medicamentos (RCAM), uma necessidade sentida pelo claustro dos dermatologistas no território. Objetivo: Caracterizar as reações cutâneas adversas a medicamentos em pacientes atendidos no Serviço de Dermatologia do Hospital Geral de Ensino "Dr. Agostinho Neto" de Guantánamo no período 2018-2019. Método: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo e transversal com todos os pacientes (N=75) com diagnóstico de reações cutâneas adversas a medicamentos encaminhados ao serviço de Dermatologia do Hospital Geral de Ensino "Dr. Agostinho Neto", o medicamento que causou a reação, diagnóstico clínico, tipo de reação, tempo de evolução da ingestão do medicamento até o aparecimento de sintomas, número de reações e comportamento médico. Resultados: Essas reações foram mais comuns em pacientes que usaram ibuprofeno (18,7%), a forma clínica mais frequente foi eritema multiforme menor (82,7%), principalmente reações leves (94,8%), apresentou com maior frequência dentro de 10 ± 2,1 dias após o uso do medicamento. 97,4% dos pacientes foram tratados ambulatorialmente. Conclusões: As RCAMs não constituem um problema de saúde no Serviço de Dermatologia do Hospital Geral de Ensino "Dr. Agostinho Neto", estes apresentam um espectro clínico consistente com o que é endossado na literatura científica, mas há conotação de que o diagnóstico geralmente não é com a demanda precoce, uma vez que os pacientes geralmente solicitam avaliação médica após um período superior a sete dias

Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis manifesting as generalized fixed drug eruption

Abstract: Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis is an uncommon, poorly recognized and under-diagnosed catamenial dermatosis associated with hypersensitivity reactions to progestagens. Most cases manifest as urticaria, eczema or erythema multiforme-like. A 26-year-old woman developed violaceous plaques on the groin and abdomen, 4 days after a spontaneous abortion resolved with uterine curettage. The lesions recurred once monthly at the same sites, mimicking a fixed drug eruption. Although the histopathology was compatible with fixed drug eruption, positive intradermal testing and symptomatic improvement after using oral contraceptive pills gave us a clue to the diagnosis.

Dermatitis flagelada inducida por bleomicina: a propósito de un caso / Bleomycin-induced flagellated dermatitis: a case report

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Dermatitis Flagelada es una patología infrecuente, con lesiones cutáneas características, que se desarrolla por el uso de Bleomicina. Clínicamente se presenta como maculas eritematosas o hiperpigmentadas de disposición lineal con patrón flagelar, en tronco y/o extremidades superiores. Presenta evolución autolimitada por lo que su tratamiento varía desde conducta expectante hasta uso de corticoides tópicos u orales. OBJETIVO: Presentación de un caso clínico de Dermatitis flagelada secundaria a Bleomicina en paciente pediátrico con antecedentes de neoplasia de sistema nervioso central. CASO CLÍNICO: Escolar de 8 años, sexo femenino, con antecedentes de tumor prima rio de células germinales mixto intracraneal (selar y supraselar) y panhipopituitarismo secundario. Recibe tratamiento quimioterapéutico según protocolo PEB, con uso de Bleomicina EV por 3 días. A los 2 días posteriores, inicia prurito intermitente, asociado a máculas eritematosas y pigmentadas de distribución lineal, siguiendo patrón flagelado, con aislados signos de excoriación, en región abdominal y dorso alto. Se indica tratamiento tópico con corticoides de moderada potencia por 10 días, con respuesta clínica satisfactoria. CONCLUSIONES: Se debe tener una alta sospecha diagnóstica en pacientes pediátricos con historia de administración previa del fármaco y aparición de lesiones cutáneas características, lo que permitirá una conducta adecuada respecto a su manejo y a la continuidad de la quimioterapia.

INTRODUCTION: Flagellated dermatitis is an infrequent pathology, with characteristic skin lesions, which is developed due to the use of bleomycin. Clinically it occurs as erythematous or hyperpigmented maculae of linear disposition with flagellar pattern, in trunk and/or upper extremities. It presents self-limited evolution, therefore, its treatment varies from expectant management to the use of topical or oral corticosteroids. OBJECTIVE: Presentation of a clinical case of flagellated dermatitis secondary to bleomycin in a pediatric patient with history of central nervous system neoplasia. CLINICAL CASE: 8 years, schoolchild, female, with a history of primary intracranial mixed germ cell tumor (sellar and suprasellar) and secondary panhypopituitarism. She receives chemotherapeutic treatment according to the PEB protocol, with use of IV bleomycin during three days. After two days, intermittent pruritus begins, associated with erythematous and pigmented maculae of linear distribution, followed by a flagellated pattern, with isolated signs of excoriation, in the abdominal region and upper back. Topical treatment with mild potency corticosteroids is indicated for ten days, with a satisfactory clinical response. CONCLUSIONS: There should be a high diagnostic suspi cion in pediatric patients with a history of prior administration of the drug and the appearance of characteristic skin lesions, which will allow adequate behavior regarding its management and the continuity of chemotherapy.

Manifestaciones mucocutáneas de intoxicación por metotrexato / 4pp Mucocutaneous manifestations of methotrexate toxicity

El metotrexato es un antimetabolito análogo al ácido fólico que inhibe competitivamente la enzima dihidrofolato reductasa y timidilato sintetasa, indispensables para la síntesis de ADN y ARN. Se utiliza ampliamente en dermatología y sus efectos adversos en la piel y mucosas son variados, incluyendo reacciones leves y graves. Las erosiones y úlceras cutáneas como manifestación de citotoxicidad por metotrexato son infrecuentes y representarían un signo cutáneo temprano de pancitopenia por toxicidad medular secundaria a dicha droga. En la mayoría de los casos existen enfermedades cutáneas previas a la ulceración, principalmente psoriasis. En ausencia de dermatitis subyacente, la presencia de ulceraciones es excepcional. Se presentan ocho casos de pacientes con signos cutáneos de intoxicación por metotrexato, con y sin dermatosis previas. En la mayoría hubo asociación de mucositis y compromiso medular. Se recomiendan pautas de tratamiento.

Methotrexate is an antimetabolite analog to folic acid that competitively inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthetase, essential for the synthesis of DNA and RNA. It is widely used in dermatology and its adverse effects on the skin and mucous membranes are varied, including mild and severe reactions. The appearance of erosions and skin ulcers as a manifestation of methotrexate cytotoxicity are quite infrequent. These would represent an early cutaneous sign of pancytopenia due to marrow toxicity secondary to this drug. In most of the cases there are cutaneous diseases prior to ulceration, mainly psoriasis. In the absence of underlying dermatitis, the presence of ulcerations is very rare. We present eight cases of patients with cutaneous signs of methotrexate poisoning, with and without previous dermatoses. Most of them associated mucositis and bone marrow involvement. Treatment guidelines are recommended.

The Impact of Early Dermatologic Events in the Survival of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Sorafenib

ABSTRACT Background and Aims. The presence of dermatologic reaction as an adverse event to sorafenib treatment in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma has been indicated as a prognostic factor for survival in a recent prospective analysis. To date, this is the only clinical predictor of treatment response, which can be evaluated earlier in the treatment and, therefore, contribute to a better and more individualized patient management. Material and methods. This retrospective study included 127 patients treated with sorafenib under real-life practice conditions in two hepatology reference centers in Brazil. Demographic data, disease/medical history and time of sorafenib administration as well as adverse events related to the medication were recorded in a database. Results. Cirrhosis was present in 94% of patients, 85.6% were Child-Pugh A, 80.3%BCLC-C, 81% had vascular invasion and/or extrahepatic spread and 95% had a performance status 0 to 1.The median duration of treatment was 10.1 months (range: 0.1-47 months).The most common adverse event within the first 60 days of treatment were diarrhea (62.2%) and dermatological reaction (42%).The median overall survival for the cohort was 20 months, and it was higher for patients who developed dermatological reactions within the first 60 days compared to those who did not present this adverse event. Conclusion. This retrospective analysis showed the use of sorafenib in patients selected according to BCLC staging, and it is the first external validation of early dermatologic adverse events as a predictor of overall survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Automédication et toxidermies bulleuse à Abidjan : aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et évolutifs

Objectif : Cette étude a été réalisée pour décrire les caractéristiques épidémiologiques, cliniques et évolutives des toxidermies bulleuses chez les patients suite à une automédication.Matériel et méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale rétrospective à visée descriptive. Elle s'est déroulée du 01 septembre 2004 au 31 Août 2014 au centre de dermatologie du CHU de Treichville (Côte d'ivoire). Ont été inclus tous les patients ayant eu une toxidermie bulleuse suite à une automédication et hospitalisés pendant la période d'étude. Résultats : Pendant 10 ans nous avons recensé 191 cas de toxidermies bulleuses hospitalisés en dermatologie du CHU de Treichville. Quatre-vingt-quatre patients ont eu recours à une automédication soit 44,0%. La moyenne d'âge de ces patients était de 29,22 ans avec des extrêmes de 2 et 69 ans. Il y avait une prédominance féminine avec 56 patientes (66,7%). Le syndrome de Stevens Johnson avec 58 cas représentait 69,0 % des toxidermies suivi du syndrome de Lyell avec 23 cas (27,4%). La sulfadoxine pyrimethamine a été le médicament le plus incriminé avec 16 cas (19,1%) suivi du cotrimoxazole avec 15 cas (17,9%). Le taux de décès était de 22,6% (19 patients) dont 13 cas (68,42%) de syndrome de Lyell et 6 cas (31,58%) de syndrome Stevens Johnson. Conclusion : L'automédication est une pratique qui augmente l'incidence des toxidermies à Abidjan

Úlceras por hidroxiurea en paciente con policitemia vera / Ulcers to hydroxyurea in a patient with polycythemia vera

La hidroxiurea es un agente citostático que inhibe la síntesis de ADN. Se considera el tratamiento de primera línea para algunos trastornos mieloproliferativos, enfermedad de células falciformes, casos severos de psoriasis refractaria y como adyuvante en la terapia de VIH. Se ha informado de que algunos pacientes tratados con hidroxiurea pueden tener úlceras en las extremidades inferiores. Paciente femenino de 67 años de edad con antecedentes de policitemia vera tratada con hidroxiurea durante un año, se deriva a dermatología por presentar úlceras bilaterales en extremidades inferiores. Al examen físico se evidencian dos lesiones ulceradas en la región calcánea. Se realiza una biopsia de piel, y muestra signos no específicos de inflamación. Se decide la interrupción de la hidroxiurea y se inicia la terapia adyuvante con pentoxifilina. Las lesiones se resolvieron en dos meses, dejando una pequeña cicatriz residual. Es importante recordar esta rara complicación inducida por el uso prolongado de la hidroxiurea y, de esta manera, realizar un diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento adecuado, que hasta el momento es básicamente la suspensión de la hidroxiurea.

Hydroxyurea is a cytostatic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis. It is considered the first line treatment for some myeloproliferative disorders, sickle cell disease, severe cases of refractory psoriasis and as adjuvant in VIH therapy. It has been reported that some patients treated with hydroxyurea may have leg ulcers. A 67 year old female patient with a history of polycythemia vera treated with hydroxyurea for a year, is derived to dermatology for presenting bilateral lower extremity ulcers. Physical examination demonstrated two ulcerated lesions in the calcaneal region. A skin biopsy is performed, and it shows non-specific signs of inflammation. Discontinuation of hydroxyurea is decided and initiate adjuvant therapy with pentoxifylline. These ulcerative lesions were resolved within two months, leaving a small residual scar. It is important to remember this rare complication induced by prolonged use of hydroxyurea and thus, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can be made, which so far is basically the suspension of hydroxyurea.

Síndrome DRESS com manifestação renal grave: relato de caso / DRESS syndrome with several renal involvement: case report

Reação a fármacos com eosinofilia e sintomas sistêmicos, também chamada de síndrome DRESS, é uma reação adversa grave a fármacos, idiossincrática e com envolvimento de múltiplos órgãos. Os critérios diagnósticos incluem dermatose induzida por fármaco, anormalidades hematológicas e comprometimento sistêmico. A síndrome pode levar a altas taxas de mortalidades e não identificada precocemente. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o caso de um paciente que desenvolveu a síndrome DRESS depois do uso de antibiótico para tratamento de úlcera em membro inferior. Paciente do sexo masculino, negro, 70 anos, apresentou síndrome DRESS após o uso de ampicilina +sulbactam para quadro de úlcera venosa infectada em membro inferior direito. O caso compreendia eritrodermia com lesões erosadas e acometimento mucoso, caracterizando eritema multiforme major, eosinofilia >1.500cel./dL e lesão renal aguda. Foi tratado com prednisona oral (1mg/kg/dia), com remissão das lesões cutâneas, melhora da função renal e redução da leucocitose e eosinofilia. Relatou-se um caso clássico, cursando com síndrome DRESS e responsivo à corticoterapia oral. O tratamento com corticoide permanece controverso, devendo-se avaliar orisco-benefício em cada caso.(AU)

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, also calledDRESS syndrome is a severe adverse reaction to medication,idiosyncratic with involvement of multiple organs. Diagnosticcriteria include: drug-induced dermatosis, hematologicalabnormalities and systemic involvement. The syndrome canlead to high mortality rates if not promptly recognized. The aimof this study was to describe the case of a patient who developedDRESS syndrome after antibiotic use for lower limb ulcer. Malepatient, black, 70 years, presented DRESS syndrome after useof ampicillin + sulbactam for infected venous ulcer in the rightlower limb. The case included erythroderma with injuries anderoded mucosal involvement, featuring erythema multiformemajor, eosinophilia greater than 1,500cel/dL and acute kidneyinjury. He was treated with oral prednisone (1mg/kg/day), withremission of skin lesions, improvement in renal function andreduced leukocytosis and eosinophilia. We reported a classiccase of DRESS syndrome coursing with acute kidney injury,responsive to oral steroids. The treatment with corticosteroidsremains controversial and need to evaluate the risk-benefit ratioin each case.(AU)

Fixed Drug Eruptions (FDE) in an Urban Centre in South-South Nigeria

BACKGROUND.Fixed drug eruptions are adverse cutaneous reactions to ingested drugs; characterized by the formation of solitary or multiple erythematous patches; plaques; bullae or erosions that reoccur at an identical skin site within hours of re ingestion of the offending drug. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of Fixed drug eruptions with the identification of common causative drugs among patients at the dermatology clinic of an urban tertiary hospital in the South-south region of Nigeria.METHODS.All consecutive patients with a diagnosis of fixed drug eruptions seen at the dermatology clinic from January 2005 to January 2013 were included in the study. The diagnosis of fixed drug eruptions was made based on clinical findings of lesion (s) of the same form occurring twice or more at the same sites as a result of a re-administration of a causative drug; and confirmation by a challenge test. RESULTS.The diagnosis of fixed drug eruption was made in 99 out of 5106 (1.93%) patients; with a slight female dominance. FDE affected all age groups; the youngest presented at 9 months of age and the oldest at 86 years. Majority of patients (66.7%) did not know the offending drug.The most implicated drugs were the sulphonamides (21.2%); followed by antibiotics made up of ampiclox; tetracycline and penicillin (4.04%) and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (3.03%). The commonest site of presentation was the face (32%); especially the mucosa of the mouth; followed by generalized presentation (28%).The frequency of Lower limb presentation was (13%); and followed by the upper limb (11%) and the trunk (7.1%).CONCLUSION.Fixed drug eruptions are a cause for great concern to the patient. Consistent with some other studies sulphonamides; clotrimoxazole and fansidar were the most implicated drugs

Ciprofloxacin: an uncommon drug reaction to a commonly used drug

No abstract available.

Drug-induced acne and rose pearl: similarities / Acne medicamentosa e a perola rosa: semelhancas

Drug-induced acne is a common skin condition whose classic symptoms can be similar to a rose pearl, as in the case of a male patient presenting with this condition after excessive use of a cream containing corticosteroids.

A acne medicamentosa é uma dermatose comum, que pode apresentar no seu quadro clássico semelhanças à pérola rosa, como no caso apresentado de um paciente do sexo masculino cujo quadro surgiu após uso intempestivo de creme contendo corticoesteróide.

A importância das provas epicutâneas de contacto no diagnóstico diferencial de reações a medicamentos / The importance of patch tests in the differential diagnosis of adverse drug reactions

O eritema exsudativo multiforme é uma erupção aguda, autolimitada, frequentemente associada a infecções (geralmente virais), doenças sistêmicas e fármacos. Apresenta-se o caso de uma mulher de 39 anos, com o diagnóstico de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, que recorreu à Urgência com quadro de eritema exsudativo multiforme, com início 10 dias após tomar amoxicilina e ácido clavulânico por amigdalite e, quase simultaneamente, receber a vacina antipneumocócica. Colocou-se também a hipótese de síndrome de Rowell. Efetuaram-se testes epicutâneos de contacto com bateria básica (portuguesa) e princípios ativos dos fármacos suspeitos (Chemotechnique®). Encontrou-se hipersensibilidade à amoxicilina 10 por cento vas (++), à ampicilina 10 por cento vas (++) e à penicilina G potássica 10 por cento vas (+), atribuindo-se à amoxicilina a causa mais provável do eritema exsudativo multiforme.

Exudative erythema multiforme is an acute self-limited skin disease often associated with infections (usually viral), and also with systemic diseases and drugs. We report the case of a 39-year-old woman diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus, who presented at the emergency clinic with exudative erythema multiforme which started 10 days after taking amoxicillin and clavulanic acid for tonsillitis together (almost simultaneously) with the pneumococcal vaccine. Rowell's syndrome was also considered to be a possibility. Skin patch tests were carried with the standard battery of patches (GPEDC) and the active ingredients of the suspected drugs (Chemotechnique ®), with readings at D2 and D3. The tests were positive for amoxicillin 10 percent pet (++), ampicillin 10 percent pet (+ +) and penicillin G potassium 10 percent pet (+). We accepted the diagnosis of erythema multiforme due to amoxicillin, confirmed by patch testing.